Back to home page
SPRING 1992 - VOLUME 21, NUMERO 1
Social Demography in Africa
93.07.13 - French - Philippe ANTOINE, Département de démographie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Suc. "A", Montréal, QC H3C 3J7 (Canada), and Philippe BOCQUIER, ORSTOM, Paris (France)
A Method for Collecting Data on Kinship in Demographic Surveys: A Compromise with the Anthropological Method (Une méthode de recueil de la parenté dans les enquêtes démographiques: un compromis avec l'approche anthropologique) (p. 7-27)
With the collection of biographies through retrospective surveys, it is possible to obtain various informations on family origin, the role of kins in residential and occupational mobility, and family changes. We present herein a solution to operationalize the concept of kinship using the experience of the IFAN-ORSTOM survey carried out in Dakar. Our results confirm the increased dependence of the younger generation on older generations due to the crisis. The urban way of life does not seem to disorganize family structures in Dakar. At present, it is through family solidarity that the shock of the crisis is absorbed. (SENEGAL, DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEYS, FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS, ANTHROPOLOGY)
93.07.14 - French - Thérèse LAURAS-LOCOH and Nuria LOPEZ-ESCARTIN, CEPED, 15 rue Ecole de Médecine, 75005 Paris (France)
Youth in Africa: Demographic and Social Implications (Les jeunes en Afrique: enjeux démographiques, enjeux sociaux) (p. 29-44)
Africa's population is young: nearly one out of two Africans is below age 15 and one out of 15 is over 60 years old. Using age-specific population projections for the period 1950-2025, the article examines the demographic and social implications of the importance of young age groups in Africa. School, employment and migration are of particular importance in the present context of political and economic crises affecting the continent. (AFRICA, POPULATION PROJECTIONS, AGE DISTRIBUTION, YOUNG POPULATION)
93.07.15 - French - Florentin DONADJE, Centre de formation et de recherche en matière de population (CEFORP), Université de Bénin, Cotonou (Benin)
Men's Marriage and Reproductive Strategies in South Benin: Facts and Opinions (Nuptialité et fécondité des hommes au Sud-Bénin: faits et opinions) (p. 45-65)
Using a survey carried out in 1989 involving a sample of 2 590 households residing in Cotonou and in rural areas near Cotonou, the article examines marriage and reproductive patterns of men (family formation, polygamy, level and trend of fertility). Men's opinions on marriage, fertility and family planning are also discussed. (BENIN, MEN, NUPTIALITY, FERTILITY)
93.07.16 - French - Aloys ILINIGUMUGABO, Office national de la population (ONAPO), et Université nationale de Rwanda (Rwanda)
Birth Interval Differentials in Rwanda (La variation des intervalles intergénésiques au Rwanda) (p. 67-98)
After a brief presentation of the data and methodology, the article shows that women in Rwanda who begin their reproduction period later eventually recuperate lost fertility due to late marriage. This behavior is confirmed when age and parity are introduced as control variables. Education, residence and women's economic activities are the main factors differentiating the rythm of procreation among Rwanda women. Although less important, ethnicity and type of union also influence birth intervals. (RWANDA, FERTILITY, BIRTH INTERVALS, DIFFERENTIAL FERTILITY)
93.07.17 - French - Cheikh S.M. MBACKE, Rockefeller Foundation, International House, Mama Ndjina Street, P.O. Box 47543, Nairobi (Kenya), and Thomas K. LEGRAND, Département de démographie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Suc. "A", Montréal, QC H3C 3J7 (Canada)
Sex Differentials in Mortality and the Use of Health Services in Mali (Différences de mortalité selon le sexe et utilisation des services de santé au Mali) (p. 99-119)
Data from the 1987 Malian Demographic and Health Survey reveal excess mortality of girls starting at about three months of age. Boys appear to be favored in terms of medical treatment for diarrhea and fever and, in urban areas, for multiple vaccinations for polio and the disease set of diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus. The nutritional status and age at weaning of boys and girls is similar. The problems of using DHS data for this type of analysis are discussed in detail. (MALI, DIFFERENTIAL MORTALITY, SEX DIFFERENTIALS)
93.07.18 - French - Laurent N.M ASSOGBA, Organisation internationale du travail (OIT), Unité de planification de la population, Ministère du Plan (Burundi)
Status of Women and Rural-urban Migration in Benin: From Decision to Integration (Statut de la femme et migration urbaine dans le golfe du Bénin: de la décision à l'insertion) (p. 121-149)
In most studies on the relationships between women's status and rural-urban migration, African women are depicted as the passion agents or the victims of decisions made by their fathers and husbands. But times are changing. Rural-urban migration can be a component of women's status. Women are now better educated, even in rural Africa, and better integrated into the modern way of life, and it is likely that they will be more and more engaged in rural to urban migration in the next future. But in order to be integrated in the urban way of life and improve their living conditions, they need to be better skilled and/or have financial capital. Therefore, instead of implementing policies to avoid migration, policy makers must develop comprehensive strategies taking this migration dimension into account, in order to improve women's status. (AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA, WOMEN'S STATUS, RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION)
93.07.19 - French - Dieudonné O. OUEDRAOGO, Centre d'études et de recherches sur la population pour le développement (CERPOD), B.P. 1530, Bamako (Mali)
Population Resettlement and Changes in Female Roles in the Sahel (Transfert de population et changements de rôles de la femme au Sahel) (p. 151-166)
What are the implications of population resettlement schemes from poor regions to more fertile regions on the condition of women? Using the Sahelian experience, the article suggests that even though resettlement is generally accompanied by significant increases in household resources, it does not necessarily imply an improvement in the status of women. (SAHEL, WOMEN'S STATUS, POPULATION TRANSFERS)
93.07.20 - French - Jean-Pierre GUENGANT, ORSTOM, Pointe à Pitre (Guadeloupe), and John F. MAY, The Futures Group, Washington, DC (U.S.A.)
What Level of Fertility for Haiti? (Tendances de la fécondité en Haïti) (p. 167-183)
Is fertility in Haiti increasing, decreasing or constant? To answer this question, the article uses five sample surveys (1971-73, 1977, 1983, 1987, and 1989), and two censuses (1971 and 1982). Notwithstanding their limitations, the available data suggest that fertility has remained high throughout the last 20 years. (HAITI, FERTILITY TRENDS)
FALL 1992 - VOLUME 21, NUMERO 2
Montreal, 19th-20th Centuries: Urban Development and Cultural Diversity
93.07.21 - French - Jean-Pierre COLLIN and Jaël MONGEAU, INRS Urbanisation, 3465 Durocher, Montréal, QC H2X 2C6 (Canada)
Some Demographic Aspects of Urban Sprawl in Montreal from 1971 to 1991, and their Implications for Metropolitan Management (Quelques aspects démographiques de l'étalement urbain à Montréal de 1971 à 1991 et leurs implications pour la gestion de l'agglomération) (p. 5-30)
Urban sprawl over the last two decades has changed the relationships between the central city and its suburb, as the urban character of the suburb asserts itself. Data on migrations and commuting inside Montreal show diminishing contacts between the suburbanites and the central city, indicating that Montreal suburb is experiencing this process of "urbanization" of its suburb as well. However, the downtown area keeps a large part of its attractiveness: it is still visited by many suburbanites who nevertheless live in a different environment. Therefore, the different parts of the urban area of Montreal are in symbiosis. New strategies involving partnership between the constituencies of the metropolitan area are needed in order to insure the harmonious development of the entire area. (CANADA, METROPOLIS, URBAN DEVELOPMENT)
93.07.22 - French - France GAGNON
An Assessment of Internal Migration towards Montreal in the 19th Century (Les migrations internes vers Montréal au XIXe siècle: un bilan) (p. 31-49)
This text first of all considers the quantitative aspects of this migratory phenomenon, demonstrating that it underwent a change of rhythm starting in the 1840's and that the 1850's and 1880's were the decades where the pace was strongest. The article also places this mobility with respect to Montreal's overall demographic context in the 19th century. A profile of the migrants is then reconstructed, as best enabled by the current state of research. The following themes are subsequently discussed: place of origin of the migrants, their demographic and professional characteristics, the causes for their migration and their integration into the place of arrival. The importance of analysing this movement in relation with the evolution of Montreal's economic growth and the need for further research precisely identifying migrants, in their place of origin as well as in Montreal, are pointed out in the conclusion. (CANADA, METROPOLIS, HISTORY, INTERNAL MIGRATION)
93.07.23 - French - Sherry OLSON, Département de géographie, Université McGill, Montréal, QC (Canada), and Patricia THORNTON, Département de géographie, Université Concordia, Montréal, QC (Canada)
Trajectories of Three Communities in 19th-century Montreal (Familles Montréalaises du XIXe siècle: trois cultures, trois trajectoires) (p. 51-75)
To trace the evolution of the population of Montreal from the 1840s to the end of the century, we collected all baptisms, marriages, deaths and nominal census entries for 12 sample surnames. The sample is intended to permit matching, chaining, and a full reconstitution of several hundred families representative of each of the city's three principal cultural communities-French Canadian, protestant, and Irish catholic. The three communities functioned as distinctive subsystems, each with its own age-structure, vital rates, and behavioral patterns. (CANADA, METROPOLIS, HISTORICAL DEMOGRAPHY, ETHNIC ORIGIN, CULTURE)
93.07.24 - French - Marc TERMOTE, INRS Urbanisation, 3465 Durocher, Montréal, QC H2X 2C6 (Canada)
Demographic Behaviour of Linguistic Groups in Montreal (Le comportement démographique des groupes linguistiques à Montréal) (p. 77-94)
Since 1975, vital events have been registered, in Quebec, being classified by the usual language of the subjects of these events. Such data is available by census division. Furthermore, the 1981 and 1986 censuses provide information concerning the place of residence, in 1976 and 1981 respectively, of persons present in Canada at the time of the census, and such according to their "language spoken at home". This enables an analysis of fertility behaviour, internal migration and mortality patterns for each of the major linguistic groups. Certain non-negligible disparities exist in demographic behaviour of linguistic groups on the Montreal and Jesus Islands. On the other hand, in the rest of the metropolitan Montreal area, linguistic disparities in demographic behaviour are noticeably smaller: the three groups have the same fertility level and the same propensity to migrate; only differentials in mortality can be observed. The natural growth rate of francophones on the Island of Montreal was (in 1985-1987) slightly inferior to that of the other two groups, but in the metropolitan region it was superior. On the whole however, taking into account internal migration, the group of francophones of the Islands of Montreal and Jesus had the highest growth rate and the anglophone group the lowest rate (in fact negative). For each of the three groups this growth rate was quite close to zero, such that, ceteris paribus, international immigration will for the most part determine dfferential growth rates per linguistic group in this region. (CANADA, METROPOLIS, LINGUISTIC GROUPS, DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILES)
93.07.25 - French - Charles CASTONGUAY, Département de mathématiques, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario (Canada)
Trends in Language Shifts among Allophones in Montreal (L'orientation linguistique des Allophones à Montréal) (p. 95-118)
The 1986 census shows that Montrealers whose mother tongue is neither English nor French assimilate to English rather than French at the same rate as before. However, divergent trends underlie this overall stability. While the Montreal-born prefer English even more massively than in 1971, French has progressed just as markedly among immigrants, though there is a visible return to English among the latest arrivals. Assimilation to French seems mainly related to the development of Spanish-, Arab-, Creole-, and Vietnamese-speaking immigration. Compulsory education in French schools also appears to steer children of recent immigrants fairly firmly towards French. Subsequent to socio-political conditions particularly favourable to French between 1976 and 1980, the comeback of English appears to reflect Quebec's return to a sort of English-French bilingualism. Preference for English also seems to increase with length of stay in Montreal. (CANADA, METROPOLIS, IMMIGRANTS, LANGUAGES, MIGRANT ASSIMILATION)
93.07.26 - French - Danielle JUTEAU, Jocelyne DAVIAU-GUAY and Minoo MOALLEM
Ethnic Entrepreneurship in Montreal: Some Preliminary Results (L'entrepreneurship ethnique à Montréal: première esquisse) (p. 119-145)
This research note presents a first sketch of a study we are undertaking on ethnic entrepreneurship. It details first of all our theoretical framework and then presents some preliminary results. For this research, we are studying various ethnic groups, those in the majority as well as the minority. For each of them, we will analyze the impact that immigration status, sex, the industrial sector and urban context play on entrepreneurial activity. We thus hope to be better able to define and understand, in a comparative perspective, various facets which characterize this phenomenon. (CANADA, METROPOLIS, ETHNIC GROUPS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS)
93.07.27 - French - Norbert ROBITAILLE, Robert BOURBEAU, Département de démographie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Suc. "A", Montréal, QC H3C 3J7 (Canada), Chantal GIRARD, Conseil régional de la santé et des services sociaux, Abitibi-Témiscamingue (Canada), and Marc TREMBLAY, Université du Québec, Chicoutimi (Canada)
The Future of Linguistic Groups in Quebec: The Impact of Immigration (L'avenir des groupes linguistiques au Québec: équilibres et options) (p. 147-161)
During the 1981-1986 period, the balance between demographic phenomena was such that the proportion of francophones in the population tended to increase in Quebec. In this article, we project the 1981-1986 situation and other scenarios to see the impact of increasing immigration on the proportion of francophones in Quebec. The results suggest that there is an antinomy between an increase of the total population and an increase of the proportion of francophones. Thus, the policy of the provincial government to accept 55 000 immigrants per year would probably lead to a decrease in the proportion of francophones in Quebec. (CANADA, LINGUISTIC GROUPS, IMMIGRATION, POPULATION PROJECTIONS)
Back to home page