STANOVNISTVO

1994 - NUMBER 3-4

95.03.1 - Serbo-Croat - Dragana AVRAMOV, Marc CALLENS and Robert CLIQUET Population 'climate' and population policy in Belgium (Populaciona "klima" i populaciona politika u Belgiji) (p. 3-26)

The authors give an overview of the socio-demographic background and discuss features of the childbearing context which may be contributing to maintaining fertility at below replacement level in Belgium. Special attention is given to the pattern of female labour force participation and child care coping strategies. Data from Survey on Population and Welfare conducted by Population and Family Study Centre (CBGS) of the Ministry of the Flemish Community are analyzed in view of assessing whether the population would approve attempts by the government to modify demographic trends and what the expectations for the social assistance in the family building process are. Three aspects of population 'climate' are discussed in the paper: how the population perceives the demographic issues and the childbearing context in Belgium, how respondents evaluate policies implemented by the state in the domain of the population and family life, and, what their unmet expectations are. Finally, the authors look at the degree of social solidarity and the willingness of respondents to bear the cost of measures which they perceive as necessary and family friendly. (BELGIUM, FERTILITY, FAMILY, GOVERNMENT POLICY, OPINION SURVEYS)

95.03.2 - Serbo-Croat - Jasna RISTIC Medical staff and family planning (Zdravsteni radnici i planiranje porodice) (p. 27-52)

The purpose of this research is to determine the degree of influence of various profiles of medical staff employed in public health centres, on the formation of attitudes and education of population in respect to birth control. The research was conducted in 11 public health institutes throughout Belgrade. Attitudes and behaviour related to birth control were tested on seven different profiles of medical staff, five different profiles of doctors (a specialist in gynecology and obstetrics, a general practitioner) including all-service visiting nurses and midwives with a total of 437 medical staff. None of the medical staff considered contraception as necessary. Gynecologists and specialist have shown the most positive attitude towards the issue, although one third of doctors did not consider contraception as necessary. The majority of medical staff resorted induced abortion in their family planning, whereas almost 40% have never used any contraception. Doctors most frequently use condom and recommend it to their patients. Among gynecologist, being the most educated staff in the area, only one third have never had an abortion as a birth control method. Medical staff do not differ significantly in their behaviour from the rest of the people. Their knowledge is indisputable, but does not sufficiently influence the change in their attitudes and behaviour. Further education and stronger work motivation are necessary for medical staff to successfully play their role in family planning. (YUGOSLAVIA, MEDICAL PERSONNEL, CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE, INDUCED ABORTION)

95.03.3 - Serbo-Croat - Mirjana RASEVIC Health aspects of the family planning programme (Zdravsteni aspekti programa za planiranje porodice) (p. 53-64)

The risks that pregnancy and give birth exposed to women's health vary according to their age, parity and birth spacing. In addition, a child's health is highly dependant on its mother's health during pregnancy, and after birthgiving. Indirect health effects of the family planning programme seen in high fertility regions are equally relevant to the morbidity of mothers and children. The author shows some advantages (physiological, but also economical, social and psychological) of a planned and moderated fertility on health and development of its family members in the high fertility countries. For the low fertility areas, health targets set by the family planning progammes are designed to tackle the problem of a large number of induced abortions and its significant negative health effects. Family planning is in general to make people more provident, responsible, thoughtful of their health and sexual life. (FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMMES, MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH)

95.03.4 - Serbo-Croat - Mina PETROVIC Marriage and divorce by educational status (Sklapanje i razvod braka prema skolskoj spremi) (p. 65-86)

The author analyses the impact of educational status on marriage and divorce of the population in Cental Serbia based on the demographic statistics for 1971, 1981 and 1991. The results confirm the initial assumption on marriage homogamy by education status. During the period reviewed this tendency became more pronounced as the general level of education of the population increased. In the heterogamous marriages, the difference in the level of educational of the spouses war larger than one stage. The author outlines some specific trends to a certain sub-groups. The analysis shows that the highest divorce rate is recorded for the least educated persons. The homogamy of marriage does not secure the expected impact on the stability of marriage, and such marriages are not the most stable ones. The author concludes that it is the social factors which greatly influence the choice of a spouse of a similar educational status while the individual factors play a crucial role in preserving the stability of marriage. (YUGOSLAVIA, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, NUPTIALITY, HOMOGAMY, DIVORCE)

95.03.5 - Serbo-Croat - Radoslav STEVANOVIC Contribution of migrations to urban population growth in Serbia in the period 1981-1991 (Doprinos migracija populacionom rastu gradova Srbije u periodu 1981-1991) (p. 87-102)

As the statistics available in Serbia do not able to determine the actual influence of migration on urban population growth, an analysis was made of the relative censuses and vital statistic data for each urban conglomeration pertaining to the last intercensal period (1981-1991). The author estimates that 39% of growth in the cities are due to migration (from 6.7% in Vojvodina to 43.9% in the Central Serbia). More the cities are big, more the migration plays a major role for its evolution. From the above research, we may conclude that the urban population growth in Serbia, in 1981-1991, is rather the result of natural than of the migratory movement of its population. (YUGOSLAVIA, URBAN POPULATION, IMMIGRATION)

95.03.6 - Serbo-Croat - Svetlana RADOVANOVIC and Vladimir STANKOVIC Depopulation in Serbia by type of settlement in the period 1981-1991 (Depopulaciona kretanja na prostorima Srbije prema tipu naselja, 1981-1991) (p. 103-120)

Population growth in the Republic of Serbia has for quite some time been recording significant differences in its development patterns: demographic explosion in Kosovo and Metohia and demographic implosion in Central Serbia and in Vojvodina. The consequences of such developments are reflected in a very dynamic downward tendency of a positive natural growth in the Central Serbia and Vojvodina, as well as in an intensified depopulation in Kosovo and Metohia conglomerations inhabited by the Serbs. Due to strong natural growth resulting from high fertility and low mortality of the demographically young population of Kosovo and Metohia, there was no community in that area with a negative natural growth in 1992; besides, only 8% of all conglomerations recorded a zero or negative natural growth. In the same year, such conglomerations accounted for 71 and 78% in the Central Serbia and Vojvodina, respectively. (YUGOSLAVIA, REGIONAL DEMOGRAPHY, DEPOPULATION)

95.03.7 - Serbo-Croat - Goran PENEV Demographic situation in border area settlements of Serbia, 1981-1991 (Demografska situacija u progranicnim naseljima Srbije, 1981-1991) (p. 121-138)

This paper analyses population dynamics in 180 settlements located in border areas of Serbia with Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania. Population in border areas declined from 1981 to 1991, and their migration balance is, in general, negative. Near bordering with Albania, the natural movements of population are positive and its population are young. The author points out to a very heterogenous national composition of the population in border areas: the most numerous are Serbs, Hungarians, Yugoslavs and Albanians. (YUGOSLAVIA, FRONTIER POPULATION, DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILES, COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS)

95.03.8 - Serbo-Croat - Gordana VOJKOVIC and Mirjana DEVEDZIC Population development in the Republic of South Africa from 1950 to 1990 (Razvoj stanovnistva Juznoafricke Republike u periodu 1950-1990) (p. 139-152)

The specific character of demographic development in South Africa reflects all the controversies of the country's historical, social and economic development. The territory of the most urbanized country in Africa is populated by different nations and different races, all featured by their unique and almost totally different models of demographic development. The most numerous population are Blacks, its growth is most intensive and influenced primarily by natural reproduction patterns. The increase in the coloured population is more moderate, while the Asians, and particularly the Whites, recorded a lower rate of increase and the lower birth rate (although still above the average recorded for the world's most developed countries). Mortality of the population is on the decline, but confirms the difference in natural movements of the analyzed population groups - the Whites, the Blacks, the Asians and the coloured - and determines the rationality of their reproduction behaviour. From that point of view, the Whites and the Asians have shown the most rational reproduction pattern during the last 50 years. All of the South African population groups are in different demographic transition phases; the Blacks are in the early phase, whereas the Whites are nearing the end of the transition. The South African population is resulting increase of fertile and working-age population points to future demographic problems and the need to contain the population growth. If the current upward trend continues, the size of the South African population will double by 2025. (SOUTH AFRICA, DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION, SOCIAL DIFFERENTIATION, RACES)

95.03.9 - Serbo-Croat - Branislav STOJANOVIC Demographic growth of large cities of the world in the period 1950-2000 (Demografski rast milionskih gradova u svetu u periodu 1950-2000) (p. 153-168)

In 1950, there were 73 cities in the world with over one million inhabitants, while in 1990 they numbered 276. According to the UN forecasts, their number will be 308 in 2000. At the beginning of 1950, they concentrated 6.9% of the total and 23.7% of urban world population, whereas at the end of this century they will concentrate 16% of the total and 31.2% of urban population. During 1950-2000, the number of citizens in the over one million urban agglomerations will increase from 173.7 to 999.1 million. The number of megacities, namely the centres with over 10 million inhabitants, will increase exceptionally fast, so that in the year 2000 there will be 21 of them, mainly in Asia and the Latin America. In 1950, New York belonged to the category of world urban centres with more than 10 million inhabitants. In spite of the anticipated stagnation in their share in both the total and the urban population of the world, which will be pronounced in the last decade of the 20th century, over one million agglomerations will continue to be the major generators of urbanization and demographic changes on a large scale. (WORLD POPULATION, MEGALOPOLIS, POPULATION GROWTH, URBANIZATION)

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