DEMOGRAFIE

Czech Republic (Prague) 39

DEMOGRAFIE

1995 - VOLUME 37, NUMBER 1

96.39.1 - Czech - Zdenek PAVLIK The world as seen through the demographer's eyes (Svet ocima demografie) (p. 1-8)

Two major turning points have marked the history of humanity's demographic reproduction : the neolithic revolution and the global revolution of modern times. They have set the limits on the three successive phases of human life : the era of the hunter-gatherers; the agricultural era; and the industrial era. Demographic reproduction retained its natural character (in so far as neither individuals nor couples planned it), throughout the entire world up until the 18th century. Over the last thirty years, the main issues in the world's demographic status and the future of humanity have periodically been the subject of debate during world population conferences: Belgrade (1965), Bucharest (1974), Mexico (1984) and Cairo (1994). The latter, which made a closer link between population and development than did the other ones, also awarded more significance to women's status, literacy, infant health and environmental conservation. (WORLD POPULATION, HISTORY, CONFERENCES, UN SYSTEM)

96.39.2 - Czech - Ludmila FIALOVA Seasonal movement of demographic phenomena in the Czech countries in the 17th and 18th centuries (Sezonnost demografickych udalosti v ceskych zemich v 17.-20. stoleti) (p. 9-21)

The seasonal movement of births and deaths has remained relatively stable over the last four hundred years in the Czech countries. Over the past fifty years, there has been a reduction in the size of fluctuations, but the maximum and minimum levels, although less marked than before, are still to be found in the same seasons as in the past. The influence of the climate is, thus, stillmaking itself felt, more particularly in the case of deaths which, with a peak in the spring and a trough in summer, has hardly changed at all over the past four centuries. (CZECH REPUBLIC, BIRTH, DEATH, SEASONAL FLUCTUATIONS, HISTORY)

96.39.3 - Czech - Ladislav Ruzicka Suicide rate in Australia during 1971-1991 (Sebevrazednost v Australii 1971-1991) (p. 22-35)

The risk of suicide is higher amongst immigrants in Australia than it is in their countries of origin. An increase in death by suicide can be observed amongst immigrants who originally came from New Zealand, Greece, Germany, Yugoslavia and Italy. While the suicide rates of the most ethno-centric immigrant groups (Greeks, Italens, Maltese) are lower than those of the other groups, they are still higher than in the countries they left behind. (AUSTRALIA, IMMIGRANT, SUICIDE, PLACE OF ORIGIN, COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS)

96.39.4 - Czech - Eduard MAUR Man and the plague throughout history (Clovek a mor v dejinach) (p. 36-41)

The brutal population crises engendered by the plague, especially during the 14th century (the Black Death) disorganised the whole system of inter-generational transfer of wealth, thereby interrupting the continuity of possession of lands and social status. The anxiety created by the periodic return of epidemics in Europe fed the critical currents of opinion with regard to the Church which both spread and became more radical during the 14th and 15th centuries. (EUROPE, HISTORY, PLAGUE, SOCIAL DISORGANISATION)

1995 - VOLUME 37, NUMBER 2

96.39.5 - Czech - Milan ALES Four years on ... Some comments on Czech demography (Nekolik uvah po ctyrech letech) (p. 77-86)

Since the fall of the Communist regime, the Czech Republic has undergone a demographic change which sets it apart from the characteristics of the ex-Czechoslovakia. It can be said that the Czech demography is becoming Westernised. Nuptiality and natality have significantly decline, general mortality and infant mortality have also both declined, while immigration was on the increase. Internal migration is stagnating because of the blockage to the housing market. Contrary to the other ex-Communist countries, there has been no mass emigration from the Czech Republic to foreign countries. On the contrary, foreign immigration is increasing and becoming diversified. New migratory currents can be observed coming from Asia. The integration of the Czech Republic into the structures of Europe will probably help to swell the numbers of German immigrants. The demographic regime is undergoing profound changes, but it is not yet known what the Czech demographic model of the future will be. (CZECH REPUBLIC, POPULATION SITUATION, POLITICAL SYSTEMS, IMMIGRATION)

96.39.6 - Czech - Jiri VECERNIK Changes in households' income distribution between 1988-1992 (Zmeny v rozdeleni prijmu domacnosti 1988-1992) (p. 87-101)

When examing the data available for the period 1988 to 1992, an accentuation of the inequality in household incomes can be observed. The gaps have increased more particularly in the case of income by unit of consumption, slightly less for per capita income and even less for the household's total income. It is the 10% of most wealthy households which are forging ahead and, as far as the 10% of the poorest are concerned, their composition has changed significantly. In 1988, these were mainly retired households, but there are now more and more young households with children to be found. Overall, poverty is stable or declining slightly and the number of minor children in the household is a decisive factor. (CZECH REPUBLIC, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, POVERTY)

96.39.7 - Czech - Jiri KOVAR and Zdenek RIHANEK Typology of age structures in the Czech Republic (Typologie vekovych struktur v Ceske republice) (p. 102-112)

The author suggests a regional comparison of age structures in terms of population numbers of pre-productive, productive and post-productive ages. The two Moravian regions have proportionally more pre-productive population and less post-productive population than the regions which go to make up Bohemia. But the latter is dominated by the specific characteristics of Prague. The proportion of post-productive groups is high in Central Bohemia, but lower than average in Northern Bohemia, Northern Moravia, Silesia and in the border regions. Migration is becoming the main factor in the determination of regional age-specific structures. (CZECH REPUBLIC, AGE STRUCTURE, REGIONS, COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS)

96.39.8 - Czech - Jitka RYCHTARIKOVA Trends in infant mortality in Central and Eastern European countries (Trendy kojenecke umrtnosti v zemich stredni a vychodni Evropy) (p. 113-125)

After the Second World War, infant mortality in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe underwent a rapid decline. This favourable trend continued until the early 1960s, following which the movement was halted due to the lack of success encountered in the fight against endogenous causes of mortality. Today, the trends are quite contradictory : in some countries (including the Czech Republic), infant mortality is continuing its decline while, in others (the Baltic countries), it is provisionally increasing due to the adoption of international definitions of live birth and stillbirth while, in yet others (ex-USSR and ex-Yugoslavia), it is tending to increase. (EASTERN EUROPE, INFANT MORTALITY, MORTALITY TRENDS)

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