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24 ESTUDIOS DEMOGRAFICOS Y URBANOS, September-December 1998, Vol. 13, N° 3 (N° 39)
00.24.1 - GÓMEZ DE LEÓN, José.
Legalization and dissolution of consensual unions: An example of log-lineal models used to estimate models of competing risk [Legalización y disolución de uniones consensuales: un ejemplo del uso de modelos log-lineales para estimar modelos de riesgos en competencia].
This is a mainly methodological work: a generalization of the so-called proportional risk models to cases of multiple and competing risks. As shall be seen, proportional risk models are an extension of the methodology implied in calculating mortality tables, where the risk function is made to depend on some variables (covariables), as in a regression model. Needless to say, life-table methodology has been, ever since its appearance in the 17th century (Halley, 1693), an essential instrument in demographic calculus and analysis. This work points out the utility of these methodological advances in the analysis of demographic data, although they were developed in biostatistics and systems engineering.
Spanish - pp. 585-608.
J. Gómez de León, Programa de Educación, Salud y Alimentación (Progresa), Mexico.
(METHODOLOGY, CONSENSUAL UNION, PROPOR-TIONAL HAZARD MODELS, LIFE TABLES.)
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00.24.2 - DELAUNAY, Daniel; LESTAGE, Françoise.
Mexican households and fraternities in the United States: Several life histories, one family history [Hogares y fratrías mexicanas en Estados Unidos: varias historias de vida, una historia de familia].
The authors analyze the Mexican household in the United States, emphasizing its complexity, which is expressed in the traits that distinguish it from both the original country and the new one, as well as in its changes over time. The authors seek to understand the composition of relatives within exiled families, their life-cycle evolution, and the interaction of civil and migratory calendars. They also consider household changes related to the migratory process, changes in marriage and birth civil calendars, changes produced by work or marital events, and the type of migratory decisions developed within families.
Spanish - pp. 609-654.
D. Delaunay, ORSTOM, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Mexico.
(UNITED STATES, MEXICO, IMMIGRANTS, FAMILY LIFE CYCLE, FAMILY COMPOSITION, SOCIAL CHANGE.)
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24 ESTUDIOS DEMOGRAFICOS Y URBANOS, January-April 1999, Vol. 14, N° 1 (N° 40)
Mexican migratory politics after IRCA [La política migratoria mexicana después de IRCA].
The responses given by Mexico, particularly its government, to the issue of Mexican immigration to the United States, have become more important since the changes in US immigration legislation, initiated in 1986 and updated in 1996, and following the intensification of the immigrant and xenophobic demonstrations carried out by large sectors of American society. This paper briefly reviews Mexican policies implemented when the Bracero programs ended and provides a more detailed analysis of how government policies changed from the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) to the more recent 1996 Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act, exploring some of the implications of these changes and Mexico's current migration policy.
Spanish - pp. 11-37.
F. Alba, Centro de Estudios Demográficos y de Desarrollo Urbano, El Colegio de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
(MEXICO, UNITED STATES, EMIGRATION POLICY, IMMIGRATION POLICY, MIGRATION LEGISLATION.)
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00.24.4 - SANTIBÁÑEZ ROMELLÓN, Jorge.
Some empirical effects of US immigration policies on the flow of Mexican immigrants [Algunos impactos empíricos de las políticas migratorias de Estados Unidos en los flujos migratorios de mexicanos].
This article describes how the basic characteristics of the migratory flow between Mexico and the United States evolved between April 1993 and November 1995, emphasizing changes in volume, sociodemographic traits, the labor market, and familial and social links with the places of arrival and departure in both countries. This article places particular emphasis on California, which is not only the principal destination of Mexican immigrants but also the North American state which best illustrates the tensions between a series of anti-immigrant policies and the economy's reliance on an immigrant labor force. California is also the state which has most consistently enforced these measures, thereby becoming an area where Federal policies, such as strengthening border control coexist with state measures such as the bill known as 187. This paper also posits a series of hypotheses on the short-term impact of US immigration policy.
Spanish - pp. 39-74.
J. Santibáñez Romellón, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Mexico.
(MEXICO, UNITED STATES, MIGRATION TRENDS, MIGRATION FLOW, IMMIGRATION POLICY.)
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00.24.5 - ZENTENO, René M.; MASSEY, Douglas S.
Specificity versus representativeness: Methodological approaches to the study of Mexico-US migration [Especificidad versus representatividad: enfoques metodológicos en el estudio de la migración mexicana hacia Estados Unidos].
Recent years have witnessed a significant shift in data collection methods in the social sciences, partly as a result of the growing rapprochement between the various disciplines. Despite this trend, certain methodological obstacles are impossible to ignore. One of these is linked to the design of studies that will produce results with a great deal of depth and validity, which are also representative. Analytical depth is usually achieved at the expense of generalizability and vice versa. This article compares two sources of data on Mexico-US migration, based on radically different methodologies: the Mexican Migration Project (Promig) and the National Survey of Population Dynamics (Enadid). Over the years, Promig has produced a vast quantity of historical, contextual, institutional, familial and individual data on international migration in over forty communities. Enadid is a traditional, cross-sectional survey that collects survey on demographic change at a national and state level. Whereas Enadid permits the analysis of certain variables with a great deal of representativeness, Promig provides a deeper and fuller understanding of international migration as a social process. This comparative study shows that a micro-social design drawing on multiple community samples, such as Promig, can solve the methodological conflict between specificity and representativeness. Neither descriptive statistics of the population of Mexican labor migrants nor multivariate analyses of the propensity to emigrate in search of work reveal significant biases in Promig data compared with those of Enadid. Although Promig data cannot be said to be absolutely representative of all Mexican migrants to the United States, even those from traditional sending regions, studies based on this data have a high degree of generalizability. The authors' research also highlights the problem of selectivity and specificity entailed by traditional surveys such as Enadid as a result of restricting their samples to international residents in Mexico and attempting to explain such a complex, socioeconomic process using a limited number of variables.
Spanish - pp. 75-116.
R. M. Zenteno, Centro de Estudios Estratégicos, Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Mexico.
(MEXICO, METHODOLOGY, EMIGRATION, DATA COLLECTION, SURVEYS, REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLES.)
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The regional dimension of Mexican migration to the United States [La dimensión regional de la emigración mexicana hacia Estados Unidos].
Although Mexican migration to the United States dates back over a century, reliable statistics documenting its geographical distribution have only recently become available. This new information, together with the creation of a Geographical Data System and the recent development of multilevel analysis, have allowed one to examine the regional context of Mexican migration to the US. Does the geographical distribution of poverty and under-employment correspond to that of worker productivity or productivity investment? Or does it simply depend on its proximity to the Northern border? Can the spatial logic of international migration be compared with that of internal mobility?
Beyond what the answers to these questions can teach us, this paper draws on two new tools for context analysis and examines how they can be used to study international migration: first, the geographical data systems, which measure physical factors (aridity, isolation, land use, environmental degradation), together with socioeconomic statistics and familial organization and reproduction. However, the regional context does not directly influence the decision to migrate, which is apparently governed more by individual and household criteria, since this is a highly personal or familial decision. It is interesting to compare data from various levels of observation, in order to determine which factors concern the individual, the family or the region in international migration.
Spanish - pp. 117-163.
D. Delaunay, ORSTOM, Mexico.
(MEXICO, UNITED STATES, EMIGRATION, REGIONAL DEMOGRAPHY, DATA COLLECTION, METHODS OF ANALYSIS.)
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00.24.7 - VERDUZCO IGARTÚA, Gustavo.
The Mexican farm workers' program in Canada: A comparison with the American experience [El Programa de Trabajadores Agrícolas Mexicanos con Canada: un contraste frente a la experiencia con Estados Unidos].
This article describes the main features of an international worker program which has been operating for over 25 years, although it been hitherto largely unknown. The article focuses on the economic changes undergone by Canada, which led to the need to supplement its seasonal labor requirements with Caribbean and Mexican temporary workers. Existing literature on labor migration has usually stigmatized "guest worker" programs, citing numerous problems in the host countries. However, data on the Canadian program has shown that it has satisfactorily supplemented certain farm work requirements without experiencing any problems that could demerit its success, despite the number of years it has been operating.
Spanish - pp. 165-191.
G. Verduzco Igartúa, El Colegio de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
(CANADA, UNITED STATES, MEXICO, MANPOWER NEEDS, AGRICULTURAL WORKERS, LABOUR MIGRATION, SEASONAL MIGRATION, COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS.)
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