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JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE FAMILY STUDIES, 2000, Vol. 31, N° 1
Intermittent employment among married women: A comparative study of Buenos Aires and Mexico City.
This study examines comparatively individual, household and labor market determinants of married women's intermittent employment in Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Mexico City (Mexico). Using panel data from employment surveys and retrospective life histories, I found that intermittent employment (frequent entries into and exits out of the labor force) is very common among married women in the two cities and is not necessarily determined by changes in the life cycle. It is strongly associated with women's level of education (and consequently their socioeconomic status), the employment stability of husbands, the types of jobs women have access to and with having young children at home. Although the incidence of intermittent employment is considerably high in both cities, it is higher in Mexico City. In Buenos Aires, it is mainly a consequence of the lack of affordable childcare and restricted labor demand, while in Mexico City it is more related to informal labor conditions and to traditional gender relations.
(ARGENTINA, MEXICO, CAPITAL CITY, FEMALE EMPLOYMENT, MARRIED WOMEN, TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT).
English - pp. 19-43.
M. Cerrutti, Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, 3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6298, U.S.A.
cerrutti@pop.upenn.edu.
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Status exchange in intermarriage among Hawaiians, Japanese, Filipinos and Caucasians in Hawaii: 1983-1994.
Intermarriage is one of the most salient demographic features of Hawaii. Between 1983 and 1994, 46% of all marriages contracted in Hawaii were racially exogamous. Over 80% of these intermarriages were formed among four major ethnic groups in the islands: Caucasians, Japanese, Filipinos and Hawaiians. This paper examines socioeconomic status exchange in outgroup marriage. Status homogamy emerges as the most important pattern of mate selection. In a broad sense, people choose their mate on the basis of equal socioeconomic status, either within or across boundaries of race and ethnicity. Gender differences are very small, indicating that status is equally important for both men and women in choosing a marital partner. However, these patterns suggest that groups of very high and very low status have a very restricted marriage market. Continued intermarriage also raises questions about how to measure race and ethnicity in the islands.
(UNITED STATES, RACES, ETHNIC GROUPS, MIXED MARRIAGE, SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS).
English - pp. 45-61.
X. Fu, Social Sciences Division, Brigham Young University-Hawaii, Laie, Hawaii 96762, U.S.A.; T. B. Heaton, Social Sciences Division, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, U.S.A.
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Intermarriage among Italians: Some regional variations in Australia.
Using data from the 1986 Census this paper examines the patterns of intermarriage of the Italian-born, who constitute one of the largest non-English speaking groups in Australia. We also examine regional variations in the rate of intermarriage between the Italian-born and people born in Australia and other birthplace groupings. The ethnic composition of the Australian population has been changed by post-war migration and this has led to increased social interaction between diverse groups. It has been found that direct and continuing contact between groups with different cultural heritages results in an increased rate of intermarriage. However, this rate varies, and we found that the Italian-born and other southern European groups have significantly higher rates of in-marriage than British and north and east Europeans. The findings show that Italians in urban areas have higher rates of in-marriage than those in rural areas, due to age and gender differences in migration streams, which lead to a shortage of potential partners of similar ethnic background in non-metropolitan areas.
(AUSTRALIA, ITALY, REGIONS, IMMIGRANTS, MIXED MARRIAGE, ETHNIC ORIGIN).
English - pp. 63-78.
P. Roy and I. Hamilton, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Monash University, Gippsland Campus, Churchill, Victoria 3842, Australia.
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Family policy in a changing Vietnam.
Discussed is the history of family policy in Vietnam during the 20th century. Particular emphasis is placed on the impact of the 1986 economic reforms that resulted in a shift from a socialist society to a free-market capitalistic system. Explored in more detail is the evolution of Vietnamese family law, family planning policy, the role of women and the issue of gender-equity as it relates to families, and the future of family policy in Vietnam. Comparisons are made with other similar developing nations.
(VIET NAM, GOVERNMENT POLICY, FAMILY, SOCIAL POLICY, HISTORY, FAMILY PLANNING POLICY).
English - pp. 79-90.
S. K. Wisensale, Department of Public Policy, School of Family Studies, U-58, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06268, U.S.A.
Wisensal@Uconnvm.Uconn.edu.
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Child fostering and fertility: Some evidence from Ghana.
This study used the 1993 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) data to analyze: (a) the relationship between child fostering and education, occupation, and place of residence; and (b) the relationship between child fostering and fertility. The standard individual recode file, comprising a sample of 2 520 married women (age 15 - 49) who have children, was utilized. Analysis has revealed that women's educational level and type of occupation are significantly associated with the practice of fostering. No association is found between rural or urban place of residence and fostering. Multiple Classification Analysis has revealed a weak and negative association between child fostering and women's fertility within the context of communication between spouses and modern contraceptive use. There is no evidence in the data to suggest that fostering is a good predictor of women's fertility.
(GHANA, FOSTERING, FERTILITY, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, OCCUPATIONS, FERTILITY DETERMINANTS).
English - pp. 107-115.
R. Klomegah, Malaspina University-College, Nanaimo, British Columbia V9R S5S, Canada.
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