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DEMOGRAFIE, 1999, Vol. 41, N° 2
Survey on family and reproduction [Setreni rodiny a reprodukce].
This article acquaints readers with the results of the survey on family and reproduction carried out by the Czech Statistical Office in 1998. The survey included 7,735 women between 15-44 years and 721 of their partners. After the introductory information on the research, technique and way of the sample as well as brief characteristics of the concept, the respondents expressed their views on social and population policy, views and attitudes to marriage and family, connecting value orientation and real situation of their own family and partner's relations. Views on prob-lems of female employment belonged to the last questions. Answers of respondents on these four main topics provided results leading to the main conclusion that in the Czech society there pre-vails traditional view on family while original family, in which man is born, remains a model family. Views and attitudes of people on these problems are especially influenced by their age and, above all, by their educational attainment. Basic discrepancies by sex and size of the living place were not inquired to a greater extent.
(CZECH REPUBLIC, DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEYS, FAMILY, REPRODUCTION, ATTI-TUDE).
Czech - pp. 85-94.
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Social and biological factors of infant mortality [Socialni a biologicke factory kojenecke umrstnosti].
The study was based on individual records of births linked with individual records of infant deaths for the Czech Republic in 1986-1992. The linked file contained 882 316 records (single live births). The research focused on analyzing the differences in the risk of children dying ac-cording to following factors: birth weight, duration of gestation, sex, birth order, age of child at death, mother's age, education and marital status. The use of indirect multiple standardization method changed the meaning of traditionally perceived variables. Standardization showed that birth weight and the duration of gestation were the key predictors of infant survival, followed by birth order and the mother's education. The mother's age and marital status did not affect signifi-cantly infant mortality risk.
(CZECH REPUBLIC, INFANT MORTALITY, MORTALITY DETERMINANTS, MATCH-ING).
Czech - pp. 95-104.
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What about the height of the force of mortality at the end of human life? [Jak vysoka je inten-zita umrtnosti na konci lidskeho zivota?].
The Gompertz-Makeham's model works very well until the age of about 85 years. Afterwards, however, model curve grows too quickly compared to empirical data. In the article there has been designed modification of the Gompertz's assumption on invariability of the relative decrease of "power to oppose destruction" for the infinitesimal age interval. Modification of Gompertz-Makeham's function has been deduced from this hypothesis. This curve corresponds very well with the empirical data for ages of 85-95 years not only for the Czech but even for the West-European populations. For age of 100 years this model provides the value of the force of mortal-ity of approximately 0.5, which corresponds to the results of other researchers (compared to Kan-nisto). The Czech data acknowledge the practically unchanged value since the beginning of the century (which, however is not in coincidence with the Kannisto results). Since about the mid of the fifties there occurs decrease of mortality of 80 years old and above -- this phenomenon being called in literature "a new stage in mortality transition". At the end of the eighties and during the nineties mortality decrease of 80 years old and above has significantly accelerated; at retaining of this rate we should reach the European level in about 10 years. As regards the 65 years old and population above this age mortality decrease has considerably accelerated only for males; in case of females acceleration was lower. In this age group 10 years period to attain the European stan-dard will not be enough.
(CZECH REPUBLIC, METHODOLOGY, AGED, MORTALITY TRENDS, CURVE FIT-TING).
Czech - pp. 105-119.
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The Gypsi population in Hungary in the 1990s [Romske obyvatelstvo v Madarsku v 90. letech].
The Population of Gypsies in Hungary, as arrived at by various estimates made over the past 100 years, has risen at a rate exceeding the increase of the population as a whole. In the 1990s their proportion of the population has been put at 4%. The rise in number and proportion arises from the high fertility rate -- more than twice of the country in total. Their age composition, again be-cause of high fertility, is dominated by the young, with around one-third being children. They live in ethnically and linguistically closed household-family units, and have a low tendency to assimilate. As for regional distribution, more than 60% live in villages, a great number in very small villages. Their level of education falls well short of the non-Gypsy population. Because of the very high unemployment and high proportion of non-student dependants, one average earner in the Gypsy population generally has to support more than twice the number of people than in the non-Gypsy population. Among active earners, manual occupations dominate, and within these, because of the low level of qualifications, labouring and semi-skilled occupations. A move towards integration is indicated by the fact that the higher level of qualification in the deemed Gypsy population is accompanied by higher proportions of skilled workers and white-collar workers. The per capita expenditure of Gypsy households falls short of the national average by some 40%.
(HUNGARY, ETHNIC MINORITIES, POPULATION ESTIMATES, POPULATION DY-NAMICS, DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILES).
Czech - pp. 120-137.
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DEMOGRAFIE, 1999, Vol. 41, N° 3
KUCERA, Milan; SIMEK, Miroslav.
Population development of the Czech Republic in 1998 (Based on the results of the Czech Sta-tistical Office Processing) [Vyvoj obyvatelstva Ceske republiky v roce 1998 (Z vysledku zpraco-vani Ceskeho statistickeho uradu)].
In the long-term evaluation of the population development the year 1998 will be considered the stagnation year and/or the stabilization year in comparison with the level of demographic indica-tors in previous years. The expected growth of nuptiality as an expression of probability increase of marriage conclusion by single persons or as a consequence of ever increasing numbers of po-tential numbers of fiancés did not appear. Excepting of the closing of the year even the divorcial-ity level has not changed. Number of live births by its 90.5 thous. remained on the level of previous two years as the slight increase of fertility during marriage was compensated by further decrease of the share of married women. Total fertility rate has, however, declined of only one hundredth but, for the third year, it has been under the limit of 1.2 children per female. Decrease of the number of deaths and increase of expectation of life with, for the time being, the largest inter-annual growth since 1990, was the only positive phenomenon of population development. Population decrease was slightly lower compared to 1997, the number of inhabitants has contin-ued to decline. The 1998 was, at the same time, one of the last years of non-deteriorated age structure of population as far as concerns the share of persons above sixty. Nothing will prevent that in the future 30 years the number and share of elderly people in population should signifi-cantly increase.
(CZECH REPUBLIC, POPULATION SITUATION, POPULATION DECREASE).
Czech - pp. 169-183.
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GERYLOVOVA, Anna; HOLCIK, Jan.
Life expectancy in regions and districts of the Czech Republic [Stredni delka zivota v krajich a okresech Ceske republiky].
Regional analysis of life expectancy at birth in the Czech Republic has been subject of the arti-cle. Analysis issues from territorial distribution of the Czech Republic into 8 previous regions and 76 present regions. Regional as well as district data relate to three five-year periods, i.e. (A): 1981-1985, (B): 1986-1990, (C): 1991-1995. We evaluated not only the attained level of life expectancy but also its increase for individual periods of time.
In the period (A) district values for males (females) oscillated within 64.2-60.2 (72.1-75.6) years, in the period (B) the life expectancy of males was longer of 0.50, that of females of 0.65 years. It is a statistically significant extension of both sexes (P < 0.01), more extensive of females than of males (P < 0.05). Between periods (B) and (C) the life expectancy has again lengthened in a sig-nificant way (P < 0.01) but, on the contrary, it was quite larger (P < 0.01) of males (1.20) than of females (0.98). It means that the first half of the nineties is more favourable for the development of medium life span than the eighties.
(CZECH REPUBLIC, REGIONAL DEMOGRAPHY, ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICTS, EX-PECTATION OF LIFE AT BIRTH, MORTALITY TRENDS).
Czech - pp. 184-192.
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BRUTHANS, Jan; DZUROVA, Dagmar.
Circulatory disease mortality in the Czech Republic after the year 1989 [Umrtnost na remoci obehove soustavy v Ceske republice po rose 1989].
Analysis of circulatory disease mortality trends according to CD diagnoses, education, family status and geographical area was performed. Decrease in CD mortality started in the Czech Re-public in mid eighties and accelerated after 1989 in the years of political, social and economic transformation. CD mortality decreased in 1989-1997 by 20% and influenced life expectancy increase by 50%. The CD mortality decrease was mainly due to rapid decrease in acute forms of CD (AMI and stroke), decrease in chronic CD was marginal. The decrease in AMI mortality was more rapid than decrease in AMI incidence. The CD mortality decreased more in married and educated persons and in districts with low unemployment and high economic activity. Very simi-lar decrease in CD mortality as in CR was documented also in former Eastern Germany, Poland and Slovakia, contries with similar consumption trends and relatively smooth transformation. The positive change in CD mortality in the Czech Republic can be explained by changes in life style, namely by more healthy food consumption and in rapid improvement in availability and quality of health care.
(CZECH REPUBLIC, MORTALITY TRENDS, CAUSES OF DEATH, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, DIFFERENTIAL MORTALITY).
Czech - pp. 193-206.
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Demography of the sub-Carpathian Ukraine in 1918-1938 [Obyvatelstvo Podkarpatske Rusi 1918-1938].
During 1918-1938 the sub-Carpathian Ukraine was a part of the Czechoslovak Republic. This contribution presents basic demographic data from the 1921 and 1930 population censuses and the 1920-1938 population movement compared to state-wide totals. It also analyses processes occurred in those years. After 1945 Ukraine ceased to be a part of Czechoslovakia due to im-posed inter-state treaty with the Soviet Union concluded on May 29, 1945.
(CZECH REPUBLIC, UKRAINE, HISTORICAL DEMOGRAPHY, POPULATION DYNAM-ICS).
Czech - pp. 207-219.
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DEMOGRAFIE, 1999, Vol. 41, N° 4
Population and Housing Census to be carried out in the Czech Republic in 2001 [V roce 2001 se v Ceske republice uskutecni scitani lidu, domu a bytu].
No summary.
(CZECH REPUBLIC, POPULATION CENSUSES).
Czech - pp. 253-254.
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Inquiring of economic indicators of persons in the census [Zjistovani ekonomickych ukazatelu osob ve scitani].
No summary.
(CZECH REPUBLIC, POPULATION CENSUSES, ECONOMIC INDICATORS).
Czech - pp. 255-259.
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Classification of education [Klasifikace vzdelani].
No summary.
(CZECH REPUBLIC, POPULATION CENSUSES, LEVELS OF EDUCATION).
Czech - pp. 259-261.
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Inquiring of nationality during the Population and Housing Census [Zjistovani narodnosti pri scitani lidu, domu a bytu].
No summary.
(CZECH REPUBLIC, POPULATION CENSUSES, NATIONALITY).
Czech - pp. 261-264.
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BARTONOVA, Dagmar; KUCERA, Milan.
Households within the 2001 Census (Part 2) [Domacnosti ve scitani lidu 2001 (2. cast)].
No summary.
(CZECH REPUBLIC, POPULATION CENSUSES, HOUSEHOLD).
Czech - pp. 264-274.
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Territorial aspects of the 2001 Population and Housing Census [Uzemni aspekty scitani lidu, domu a bytu 2001].
No summary.
(CZECH REPUBLIC, POPULATION CENSUSES, TERRITORIAL DIVISIONS).
Czech - pp. 274-279.
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Technical aspects of the 2001 Census [Technicke aspekty cenzu 2001].
No summary.
(CZECH REPUBLIC, POPULATION CENSUSES, METHODOLOGY).
Czech - pp. 279-282.
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DEMOGRAFIE, 2000, Vol. 42, No. 1
TIRPÁK, Michal; PILINSKÁ, Viera.
Demographic development in Slovakia in 1998 [Demografický vývoj na Slovensku v roku 1998].
This contribution presents results of the analysis of population characteristics' development in the Slovak Republic for 1998 within the context of the years 1993-1998 with the assumed develop-ment of reproduction processes up to 2005. Its goal is to provide basic information on demo-graphic phenomena and their development in the complex period of economics' transformation under new conditions of market economy by help of statistical data obtained and analyzed in the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic.
(SLOVAKIA, POPULATION SITUATION, TRENDS, TRANSITIONAL SOCIETY).
Czech - pp. 1-18.
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XXIXth Conference of the Czech Demographic Society "Health not only up to 2000 (Czech Republic and international comparison)", 19th May 1999 [XXIX. konference Ceské demo-grafické spolecnosti "Zdravi nejen do roku 2000 (Ceská republika a mezinárodní srovnnání)" 19. kveten 1999].
In consequence of positive changes of demographic mortality régime the interest in studying health conditions of the population passes from mortality and morbidity field to studying of health. Quality of health of the population is generally considered one of the most important in-dicators of complex relation among demographic, ecologic, social, economic and also political processes. Four basic strategic goals of just accomplished programme of the World Health Or-ganization "Health Not Only Up To 2000" recommended to European member countries were also substantially included in the contributions of the Conference: to attain 1) a better health, 2) healthy life style, 3) healthy environment, and 4) adequate health care. The Conference aimed at acquanting the audience with the study on Czech population health in the light of papers of specialists from various branches and of different methodological approach.
The Conference was structured into two basic blocks. The first one contained, above all, results of inquiries on health of population from the point of view of living environment and style of life. The second one was devoted to exposé of experts of the General Health Insurance Company, the Faculty Hospital of Motol and the Faculty of Natural Sciences of the Charles University.
The Conference was visited by many experts of most different professions. Discussion acknowl-edged that health problems are nowadays important so much that deserve paying much more attention of competent experts than so far not only due to running transformation in public health services.
(CZECH REPUBLIC, CONFERENCES, PUBLIC HEALTH).
Czech - pp. 19-54.
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